Showing posts with label myanmarculture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label myanmarculture. Show all posts

The Novice

If I recollect my fading memories in the most nostalgic way; longing the friendship we had, it was one of mellow and slow-moving days toward the end of summer time in Nara; the city I personally find certain resemblance of my hometown, Mandalay, in many different ways. For instance, people of Nara speak distinct dialog different from Tokyo for that one could only fathom how the culture of past monarchy in the region still influence in ordinary daily life. We were just strolling along side of deer park where deer were freely roaming around occasionally in close contact with human visitors. Her eyes were glistering with excitement and full of curiosity about me. On contrary, I was quite and shy one at the receiving end by simply answering the series of questions throwing at me without seemingly to stop.

“Chris-san. were you a monk when you are young?” she asked. “You mean novice?” understanding what she meant to ask and confirming her question.

She said, “yes”. To my pleasant surprise with a bit of bewilderment and amusement to her question while my mind was processing every possible social misfortune whether I had revealed my protected childhood memory to someone she might know.

I asked. “How do you know?”

“Every Burmese men have to be a monk when they are young, right?”. She must have done her homework about Burmese men and culture.

“Ah. so desu ne”. I confessed in her language while my mind was slipping away to my childhood when I was a novice simply following the cultural footsteps of every Burmese boy who entered into novicehood at the age of 10 to 20 years old.

I was only 10 years old when I became a little monk wearing saffron robe.

It was a very important ceremony and big event for my parents. A month before the ceremony, I was sent to monastery in order to understand Buddhist teachings and learn prayers.

My grandmother used to offer rice, and occasionally combine with dishes whenever there was a special event, to every monk who stop by at the front door of our house every morning before I was born. I was told that one of those monks who received my grandmother’s offering became the head monk of the monastery after a few years. He also became a regular monk receiving my mother’s offerings every morning after my grandmother retired from her daily routine.

The time comes when I reached 10 years old, my parents started planning to ordain me as a young monk along with my sister and cousins. Girls will be prepared for becoming nun, but all focus are on boys who be entering into young monkhood officially. Head monk took me as his disciple and guided me with moral principles according to Buddhist way of teaching a month before my ordain ceremony.

It was a very foundation of Burmese society how religion and ordinary citizens are knitted together. It can also be reckoned as a sense of how Buddhist monk repaying their obligation to the families of offering charitable deeds to them, and therefore in return they preach Buddhism and teach Buddhist way of living.

I was regarded as the most intelligence one among other disciples by head monk. I could recite Buddhist prayers both basic and advanced ones. Buddhist prayers are composed of Pali language, classical and liturgical language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon, a Middle Indo-Aryan language of north Indian origin akin to Sanskrit dialects. The same way how Catholic monk reciting prayers in Latin.

It was a grand ceremony according to our lower-middle class family standard. Free flow of foods was served to everyone along with family, friends, and relatives who came and observed me as a little boy going to become a novice. My head was shaved in front of the monk while my parents were holding each end of the shaving cloth to collect my hairs. Once my head was shaved, I squatted down in front of the monk and held my saffron robe and reciting prayers in a way of asking permission to wear the holy robe. The head monk gave his blessing, and I was officially ordained to be a novice.

I was sent to a monastery at the age of 10 after the ceremony, and it was the first time I was supposed to sleep away from my parent especially from my grandmother. I did not know how to handle the loneliness. I was just only a child among other novices whom I did not know anyone. Traditionally, I was expected to stay in monastery at lest seven days but as soon as the light went down, I run away from monastery and went back home to sleep with my grandmother as usual. The next morning, I was playing with my friend outside of my house. My holy saffron robe was gone, and I became a layboy again. I do not know how much money my parents spent for that day just for only I lasted one night being as a novice.

To this day, Buddhist Burmese men are still regarded and expected to be a novice or monk at some point of their life. Some goes extra length and never come back to become a layperson again. Some only latest a few hours. Nevertheless, there are always certain people, outside of Burmese culture, who are always fascinated about Burmese culture and our way of thinking

Myanmar(Burmese) Names or Our Custom


About seven years ago, while I was spending a few days in Philadelphia and enjoying great hospitality of Professor Leonard Swindler, the distinguished Professor of Catholic Thought & Interreligious Dialogue at Temple University, I attended one of discussions with his graduate students. Once his students learned of my Burmese origin, the remainder of the discussion turned to Burmese culture, tradition, and finally names.

“Do you mean to say,” asked one of the scholars, “that you have no last name according to your father?” On my replying in the negative all the scholars, except the venerable professor, looked at me in astonishment, and in a question which I shall not easily forget, they asked “No last name??? How do you trace the root of your ancestors?” The question stunned me at that time. I could give no perfect answer, for the traditional custom I was so used to, without thinking too much about my family roots after my grandmother passed away when I was still a little boy.

A few years later, after witnessing different cultural practices around the world, I realized that the Burmese custom of naming is fairly unique. It symbolizes the combination of the particular virtue for a person and astrological calculation of the day of the week that the person was born based on Burmese lunar calendar year.

I was born at home on Saturday, at 10 in the morning. A few days later, acquainted astrologer of my mother from the village, made Zar Tar and inscribed my name, Tun Ba Kaung, on it. At least that is how I know the time I was born, according to my Zar Tar record. When I am educated enough able to understand the information written in Zar Tar, it becomes my precious treasure as possession of traditional value that belongs to me from my infancy.

Zar Tar is a stack of palm leaves smeared with residual oil and folded into a handy packet. It is an old-fashioned birth certificate, declare the name of newly born baby, usually prepare by monks and astrologers, by going through complex calculation of the location of stars, sun, and the date and time of the birth of new baby.
Zar Tar

The choices of name are of tremendously importance to the people of Myanmar. The name may represent the virtue of longevity, wealthiness, healthiness, the great love of dedication to admire one, the dream and hope of parents upon their child, the sign of magnificent and significant events, and so on. Some may even have great length of story behind their names.

The same practice, to certain extent, of giving name to the people applies the way of giving name to the places, nothing associate with Zar Tar preparation, but rather built monument, tombstone, or a symbol instead, historical information passed down generation to generation. We are only able to study the origin of a few surviving historical renowned-names, while the rest of the names of places remain mystery, and furthermore some are even twisted from the original meaning over the period of time.

Naturally, parents want to do everything the best for their child, begin with great care of choosing an appropriate name, putting their grand hope in the name of baby and in the faith upon their child becoming a decent person in the future. It is the faith that the meaning and syllable of given name have an effect upon the wheel of fortune to the owner of the name.

Sometimes people of surrounding could give some nick names to a person aside from given name. Generally, nick names are cadenced, rhythmic, sometime offensive to a person, a pet name might even be given by friends, but the phenomenon of calling a friend or to someone else by nick name is not a strange custom in Myanmar society.

Myanmar names could be chosen from various types of form; some choose only one single word name, and since four words names are no longer uncommon, but still two words or three words names are mostly preferable by typical Myanmar families. In general, one single word could be one syllable, but there are still a lot of outstanding single words composed into more than one syllable with beautiful meanings.
For example,
Single words with one syllable are Thant, Win,Tun,...etc.
Single words with two syllables are Nanda, Oakar, Ohmar,…etc.

Basically the first syllable represents the day of the week that the person was born. Therefore, one could easily find out which day of the week that the person was born just by knowing the name in majority.
For example,
The first syllable, Tun, of the name “Tun Ba Kaung” represents Saturday born.

There are 33 alphabets in Myanmar language. From astrological stand point of view, certain set of alphabets can be categorized into seven days of the week.

Myanmar Alphabets

The followings are the categorization of Myanmar alphabets with associated days of the week.
က, ခ, ဂ, င - Monday
စ, ဆ, ည - Tuesday
ယ, ရ, လ, ဝ - Wednesday
ပ, ဖ, ဘ, မ - Thursday
သ, ဟ - Friday
တ, ထ, ဒ, န - Saturday
အ, ဥ - Sunday

And each day of the week can be represented with Myanmar zodiac sign.
Monday born- Tiger

Tuesday born- Lion, Myanmar Mythical Creature


Wednesday born in the morning and afteronn - Elephant without a tusk
Wednesday born in the evening- Elephant with a tusk

Thursday born - Mouse

Friday born - Guinea Pig

Saturday born - Dragon, Myanmar Mythical Creature


Sunday born - Garuda Bird, Myanmar Mythical Creature, Ga Lone


A few words from Myanmar names
 Myanmar Names Meanings
 aye cool
 aung succeed
 hlaing plenty
 hla beautiful
 kyi clear
 khin friendly
 maung brother
 tun succeed
 win winning
 thant clean


Expression of respect is also a matter of utmost importance to address the name of Myanmar people. One can be addressed with an appropriate honorific salutation before the given name depends on the level of age, degree of relationship, and gender. It will be considered impolite way of calling someone’s name in a direct manner of speaking.

To address younger ones and peers before their names,
“Ko” is used as a masculine form.
“Ma” is used as a feminine and formal form.

“Maung” is used as a masculine formal form.

To address elder ones before their names,
“U” or “Oo” is used as a masculine and formal form.
“Daw” is used as a feminine and formal form.

It is likely one can be addressed formally with “U” or “Daw” before the given name after the age of 30.

The followings are the family term,
Brother – A Ko
Sister – Nyi Ma, Hna Ma (younger sister)
A Ma (older sister)
Uncle – Oo Lay (younger brother of Mother or Father)
Oo Gyi (older brother of Mother or Father)
Aunty – Daw Lay (younger sister of Mother or Father)
Daw Gyi (older sister of Mother or Father)
Grandfather – A Pho
Grandmother – A Phwar

But family terms are not limited to be used only for the family members. In Myanmar custom, calling to a stranger with an appropriate term of “brother”, “sister”, “uncle”,”aunty”,”grandfather”,”grandmother” is a common practice.

Myanmar women are, unlike other cultures in Western, traditionally granted a privilege, taking a pride of freedom in which they don’t have to change their names when they get married. It never happens into the consciousness of Myanmar people, as a matter of fact, that it is a necessary custom to follow.

Metta,
Maung Ba Kaung